Introduction to Colossians
Colossians 1:1-2
Today I am excited to begin our exposition of Paul’s letter to the Colossians. The last Pauline epistle that I preached through on Sunday mornings was Romans, which we completed almost nine years ago (July 2017). Since then, we have studied the Prophet Daniel, the Gospel of John, the book of Genesis, and the Gospel of Matthew. So, I am delighted to finally dig into another Pauline epistle. Colossians seemed like the right one for our church at this time.
Why study Colossians?
First, because of its theme. We have just finished learning about Jesus Christ, the Messiah-King from the Gospel of Matthew. We worshipped Jesus Christ the King as we saw His birth, life, teaching, miracles, and controversies, which by the plan of God led to His crucifixion and resurrection. What do we do with what we have learned? What importance does the life, death, resurrection, and exaltation of Christ have for us today? That’s what Paul gives us in his letter to the Colossians.
Colossians is an adventure in Christology. It is one of Paul’s shortest letters—just 95 verses spread across four chapters—but it really packs a punch. All of Paul’s letters to the churches are Christ-centered. But no other epistle has a more exalted theology of Christ than Colossians.[1] Its great theme is the complete preeminence and sufficiency of Jesus Christ. Colossians presents a big, bold, beautiful picture of the Christian life with Christ at the absolute center.[2]
The whole book of Colossians focuses on the preeminence of Christ, but Paul pens one of the clearest and most compelling statements of Christ’s divinity and sufficiency in Colossians 1:15-20:
15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. 16 For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him. 17 And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist. 18 And He is the head of the body, the church, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He may have the preeminence. 19 For it pleased the Father that in Him all the fullness should dwell, 20 and by Him to reconcile all things to Himself, by Him, whether things on earth or things in heaven, having made peace through the blood of His cross. (Col. 1:15-20).
In Colossians 2, Paul teaches that in Christ “are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Col. 2:4); that “in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily” (Col. 2:9); and that believers “are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power” (Col. 2:10). Paul states that through Christ’s death and resurrection, He is the triumphant deliverer over sin and all the powers of evil (Col. 2:13-15). In Colossians 3, Paul says that, “Christ is all and in all” (Col. 3:11). So, the first reason to study Colossians is to exalt the person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ. He is its theme.
The second reason to study Colossians is its purpose. When you read this letter, it becomes clear that the reason Paul so clearly exalts Christ as preeminent and sufficient is that some kind of heresy that devalued Christ was threatening the church at Colosse. Paul does not state who promoted this heresy or exactly what they taught, so we have to piece together the elements of the false teaching by looking at various emphases in the letter, much like listening to one side of a phone conversation. Probably, like most false teaching, it was a blend of several errors.[3]
One part of it included Jewish legalism, emphasizing circumcision, dietary and ceremonial laws, and the observance of holy days (Col. 2:11, 14, 16, 18, 20-23). Paul counters this by showing that these religious practices “are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ” (Col. 2:17).
Another element of the Colossian heresy was its emphasis on hidden wisdom and knowledge. Paul warns the Colossians not to let “anyone cheat you through philosophy and empty deceit, according to the tradition of men, according to the basic principles of the world, and not according to Christ.” (Col. 2:8). By mixing Greek philosophy, Jewish rituals, and Christian teachings, the false teachers were leading the church away from fullness in Christ.
The third major part of the heresy included some kind of mysticism. Paul warns, “Let no one cheat you of your reward, taking delight in false humility and worship of angels, intruding into those things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,” (Col. 2:18). Apparently, the false teachers at Colosse were promoting visions, the worship of angels, and the attaining of secret wisdom through their mystical experiences.
The effect of this heresy was that it diminished the deity of Christ, the completeness of His atoning work, and the unity of His church, the body of Christ. The great need of the Colossian believers, then, was to “continue in the faith, grounded and steadfast”, and to be “not moved away from the hope of the Gospel” which had already been preached to them (Col. 1:23). In that sense, this letter has more of a preventative purpose than a remedial one.[4]
And here’s why Paul’s polemic against the Colossian heresy is important for us today: because the same essential doctrines of the person and work of Christ and His church are still under attack. We study Colossians to know how to combat false teaching. Paul shows us here that the test of sound doctrine can be summed up in three questions: Who is Jesus Christ? What did Christ accomplish? How is Christ worshiped and served in His church?
The third reason to study Colossians is its application. We can divide the book into two broad sections, the polemical (Colossians 1 & 2), where Paul argues against false teaching by exalting Christ alone as preeminent; and, the practical (Colossians 3 & 4), where he shows how Christ’s preeminence should affect us and our relationships.[5] In Colossians 3, Paul tells us what ought to occupy our thoughts (Col. 3:1-4); how to live our new life in Christ together in holiness (Col. 3:5-17); and how to please the Lord in our family and work relationships (Col. 3:18-4:1). In Colossians 4, Paul instructs us on our mission to those outside the church.
These are some good reasons for us prayerfully to study Colossians: because its marvelous theme is the preeminence and sufficiency of Jesus Christ; because its purpose is to oppose false teaching that threatens the vitality of the church; and because its application is immediately practical to our lives and relationships.
Now that we understand a little about the contents of Colossians as a whole, I want to turn our attention to an exposition of Paul’s initial greeting (Colossians 1:1-2) to help us understand the occasion and location for the letter.
First we see …
1. The Author and His Authority (Col. 1:1)
The letter begins, “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our brother,” (Col. 1:1). Paul calls himself “an apostle of Jesus Christ.” The word “apostle” literally means “one who is sent,” especially one sent forth with orders or with an official message. During His earthly ministry, Jesus designated the original twelve disciples as apostles (Luke 6:13; Matt. 10:2) as He sent them out on their preaching mission (Matt. 10:5). The apostles were all eyewitnesses of Christ’s resurrection (Acts 1:22). They were appointed by Christ, given authority by Christ, and entrusted with the message of the gospel. The church is “built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone.” (Eph. 2:20). Paul’s message had authority—but not through an authority in and of himself. His was an authority that was derived from Another. Therefore, the authoritative message of this letter is one that we can trust without hesitation.
However, you may know that Paul was not one of the original twelve apostles. But Paul did not volunteer as an apostle or take the position on his own. He says he is an apostle “by the will of God.” He was called and commissioned by God himself. Many of you know that Paul was formerly a zealous Pharisee, “a blasphemer, a persecutor, and an insolent man” (1 Tim. 1:13). He did not consider himself even worthy to be called an apostle because he persecuted the church of God (1 Cor. 15:9). But by God’s grace, Paul saw the risen Lord Jesus on the Road to Damascus (Acts 9), and his life was transformed. Jesus specifically sent the apostle Paul to the Gentiles, “to open their eyes, in order to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in Me.” (Act 26:18).
Paul spent the rest of his life as a bondservant of Christ, preaching the gospel everywhere he went and planting churches all over the Roman world of the first century. As Paul writes this letter, he is in prison, likely in Rome (Col. 4:18; Eph. 3:1; Phm. 1:1), awaiting trial before Caesar. He has received a report about the church at Colosse from a man named Epaphras (Col. 1:7-8) who had traveled to Rome to see Paul in prison, and who Paul called “a bondservant of Christ” (Col. 4:12) and “my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus” (Phm. 1:23). So, Paul sits down to compose this letter addressing both the good report Epaphras gave about the church and the heresy that threatened it.
By the way, Paul sent at least two other letters to the same region at this same time from prison: Ephesians and Philemon. He even names the men who carried the letters, Tychicus and Onesimus (Col. 4:7; Eph. 6:21; Col. 4:9; Phm. 1:10). This is why the letters of Ephesians and Colossians have so much in common—Paul wrote them about the same time to churches in the same area. They have a similar structure and some of the same practical instructions. I believe Paul intended for both churches to read and share his letters with other churches (Col. 4:16).
Paul then mentions that “Timothy our brother” is with him as he writes Colossians. Timothy is not really a co-author, but has been Paul’s right-hand man on many of his missions, and now in his imprisonment.
Next we see …
2. The Church and Its Identity (Col. 1:2)
Colossians 1:2 says, “To the saints and faithful brethren in Christ who are in Colosse: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” Paul calls these Colossian Christians “saints”. In using this term, Paul is describing the Colossian believers as “holy” or “consecrated”. They are holy because they have been set apart by the grace of God to believe in Christ and receive His salvation. He also calls them “faithful brethren”. The word “faithful” can mean either that they were “believing” (people who had faith), or that they were “trustworthy” (people who lived faithfully). Because of the way he goes on to describe them in Colossians 1:3-9, it seems that they were both. They were believing people who lived faithfully. These saints and faithful brethren are “in Christ … in Colosse.” Their identity in Christ is primary. Their location is secondary. They were united to Christ by faith.
By the way, Paul had not been to Colosse. He says, they “have not seen [his] face in the flesh” (Col. 2:1). As I said, Epaphras, not Paul preached the gospel to them and was instrumental in planting the church at Colosse. Likely, this church had been started about five years earlier when Paul spent three years ministering in the city of Ephesus. Luke records that during this period, “all who dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks” (Acts 19:10). Asia does not refer to the continent we think of today but to a region in what is now modern Turkey. The seven churches that Jesus addressed in the book of Revelation are all in this area as well as Colosse. It is about a hundred miles east of Ephesus and only about six miles from Laodicea (Col. 2:1) in the fertile Lycus valley. Epaphras probably heard the gospel and was discipled by Paul in Ephesus, then he took the gospel back to his home town of Colosse.
The fact that the Colossians are holy and faithful marks them out as believers. The fact that they are brothers and sisters means they are family. And most important of all, they are a church that is in Christ. In the same way, we are not primarily a church in the city of Grand Junction, CO. Rather, we are a church “in Christ in Grand Junction.” Christ is central, and our identity as saints and faithful brethren in Christ is the most important thing that can be said of us.
Then in Colossians 1:2, Paul extends his formal greeting, “Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” This is Paul’s typical greeting in most of his letters. It combined the Greek greeting of “grace” with the Hebrew greeting of “peace.” This made the greeting expressly Christian. Notice the grace and peace which Paul extends comes from “God our Father.” He is the source of all true grace and peace. Grace is God’s free gift of favor to undeserving sinners. Peace declares the end of enmity between the sinner and God—and along with it, one sinner toward another. Peace doesn’t come first. Grace comes first—and then peace comes as a result.
That’s the beginning of the letter. But before we stop today, I want you to notice what Paul writes at the end of this letter. Colossians 4:16 says, “Now when this epistle is read among you, see that it is read also in the church of the Laodiceans, and that you likewise read the epistle from Laodicea.” Paul instructed them to publicly read this letter together as a church because his epistles were the inspired word of God to the church. And we read the scripture together as a church today for the same reason.
So, I want to conclude today by reading together Paul’s letter to the Colossians. As I read, pay attention to the theme I have talked about: Christ’s preeminence and sufficiency in all things. Listen for clues to the problem of heresy that Paul had to address. And consider the practical instructions the Lord gives to us as a church.
As we read and study Colossians, our goal should be threefold: to see Christ for who He is; to oppose any teaching or philosophy that diminishes Christ; and to understand how our relationship to Christ affects every other aspect of our lives. Christ is all in all, and our lives should reflect this reality.
[1] Richard R. Melick, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon, vol. 32, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1991), 162.
[2] Ray Fowler, Dear Colossians, https://www.rayfowler.org/sermons/colossians/dear-colossians/.
[3] Steven Cole, Lesson 1: In Christ, In Flagstaff (Colossians 1:1-2), https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-1-christ-flagstaff-colossians-11-2.
[4] Greg Allen, God’s Grace in a Greeting, https://bethanybible.net/index.php/2013/01/09/gods-grace-in-a-greeting-colossians-11-2/.
[5] Steven Cole, Lesson 1: In Christ, In Flagstaff (Colossians 1:1-2), https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-1-christ-flagstaff-colossians-11-2.




